 | 书 名: 病理生理学
作 者: 王建枝
出 版 社: 人民卫生出版社
ISBN : 711706656
原 价: ￥26
 有一家网站低于85折正在热销 | 病理生理学-图书目录:
Introduction
Chapter 1 Conspectus Of Disease
1. Concept of disease
2. Etiology of disease
3. Pathogenesis of disease
4. Outcome of disease
Chapter 2 Disorders Of Water And Electrolyte Metabolism
Body Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
1. Total fluid volume
2. Body fluid distribution
3. Body fluid composition
Osmolality of the Body Fluids
Mechanisms for Regulating Body Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
1. The sensation of thirst
2. Antidiuretic hormone
3. Aldosterone
4. The natriuretic peptide family
5. The guanylin family
Disorders of Water and Sodium Metabolism
1.Hyponatremia
2.Hypernatremia
3.Disorders of water and sodium metabolism with a normal serum sodium concentration
Hyponatremia
1. Hypovolemic hyponatremia
2. Hypervolemic hyponatremia
3. Normovolemic hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
1. Hypovolemic hypernatremia
2. Hypervolemic hypernatremia
3. Normovolemic hypernatremia
Isotonic Dehydration
Edema
1. Etiology and pathogenesis
2. Alterations of metabolism and function
Disorders of Potassium Metabolism
1. Potassium content and distribution
2. Maintenance of potassium balance
3. Potassium function
Hypokalemia
1. Etiology and pathogenesis
2. Alterations of metabolism and function
Hyperkalemia
1. Etiology and pathogenesis
2. Alterations of metabolism and function
Pathophysiological Basis of Prevention and Treatment
Disorders of Magnesium Metabolism
Hypomagnesemia
1. Etiology and pathogenesis
2. Alterations of metabolism and function
3. Principles of treatment
Hypermagnesemia
1. Etiology and pathogenesis
2. Alterations of metabolism and function
3. Pathophysiological basis of prevention and treatment
Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism
Function of Calcium and Phosphorus
Hypocalcemia
1. Etiology and pathogenesis
2. Alterations of metabolism and function
3. Pathophysiological basis of prevention and treatment
Hypercalcemia
1. Etiology and pathogenesis
2. Alterations of metabolism and function
3. Pathophysiological basis of prevent and treatment
Hypophosphatemia
1. Etiology and pathogenesis
2. Alterations of metabolism and function
3. Principles of treatment
Hyperphosphatemia
1. Etiology and pathogenesis
2. Alterations of metabolism and function
3. Principles of treatment
Case Presentation
Chapter 3 Acid-Base Balance And Disturbances
Acid-base Biochemistry
1. Generation of acids and bases
2. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
Regulation of pH
1. Buffer systems
2. Respiratory regulation mechanisms
3. Renal regulation mechanisms
Laboratory Tests
1. pH
2. PaCO2
3. [HCO3-]
4. Anion Gap (AG)
Simple Acid-base Disorders
1. Concept of simple acid-base disorders
2. Compensation for simple acid-base disorders
Metabolic Acidosis
1. Concept
2. Primary causes
3. Compensation
4. Alteration of metabolism and function
Respiratory Acidosis
1. Concept
2. Primary causes
3. Compensation
4. Alteration of metabolism and function
Metabolic Alkalosis
1. Concept
2. Primary causes
3. Compensation
4. Alteration of metabolism and function
Respiratory Alkalosis
1. Concept
2. Primary causes
3. Compensation
4. Alteration of metabolism and function
Mixed Acid-base Disorders
1. Metabolic alkalosis + Metabolic acidosis
2. Metabolic acidosis + Respiratory alkalosis
3. Metabolic acidosis + Respiratory acidosis
4. Metabolic alkalosis + Respiratory alkalosis
5. Metabolic alkalosis + Respiratory acidosis
6. Triple acid-base disorders
7. Judgement of acid-base disorders
Case Presentation
Chapter 4 Hypoxia
Parameters of Blood Oxygen
1. Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
2. Oxygen capacity (CO2max)
3. Oxygen content (CO2)
4. Oxygen saturation (SO2)
5. P50
Classification, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Hypoxia
1. Hypotonic hypoxia
2. Hemic hypoxia
3. Circulatory hypoxia
4. Histogenous hypoxia
Alterations of Function and Metabolism
1. Respiratory system
2. Circulatory system
3. Hemic system
4. Central nervous system
5. Cellular alterations
Factors Affecting the Tolerance to Hypoxia
1. Oxygen consumption rate
2. Compensatory ability of the body
Oxygen Therapy and Oxygen Intoxication
1. Pulmonary oxygen intoxication
2. Cerebral oxygen intoxication
Case Presentation
Chapter 5 Fever
Regulation of Normal Body Temperature
Etiology
1. Infectious factors
2. Non-infectious factors
Pathogenesis
1. Endogenous Pyrogens
Thermoregulation of Fever
1. Thermoregulating center
2. Routes of peripheral pyrogenic signals into thermoregulation center
3. Central mediators of fever
Alterations of Metabolism and Function
Pathophysiological Basis of Prevention and Treatment
Case Presentation
Chapter 6 Dysfunction Of Cell Signaling In Diseases
Major Pathways for Cell Signaling
1. G-protein-mediated cell signaling
2. Tyrosine kinase mediated signaling
3. Guanylyl cyclase (GC) mediated signaling
4. Intracellular and nuclear receptor signaling
Dysfunction of Cell Signaling in Diseases
1. Aberrant signal molecules in diseases
2. Aberrant receptors in diseases
3. Aberrant G-proteins in diseases
4. Aberrant intracellular signaling in diseases
5. Multiple signaling aberrations in diseases
6. Relationship between stimulants and pathological effects
Principles of Treatment
1. To regulate the level of extracellular molecules
2. To regulate the structure and the function of receptors
3. To regulate the level and modifications of intracellular messenger molecules and transducers
4. To regulate the level of nuclear tranScription factors
Case Presentation
Chapter 7 Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, Apoptosis And the Related Diseases
Cell Proliferation and Diseases
1. Cell cycle and its control
2. Deregulation of cell proliferation and diseases
Cell Differentiation and Diseases
1. Control of cell differentiation
2. Differentiation and tumor
Cell Apoptosis and Diseases
1. Regulation of cell apoptosis
2. Abnormal cell apoptosis in diseases
Chapter 8 Stress And Stress-Related Diseases
Terminology of Stress
1.Stress
2.Stressor
3.General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Neuroendocrine Responses
1. Locus Ceruleus-norepinephrine neurons-sympathetic/adrenal medulla axis
2. Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis
3. Other hormones in stress
Cellular and Humoral Responses
1.Acute phase proteins
2.Heat shock proteins
Functional and Metabolic Responses
1. Central nervous system
2. Immune system
3. Cardiovascular system
4. Digestive system
5. Genito-Urinary system
6. Metabolism
Stress-related Disease
1. Stress Ulcer
2. Stress and Cardiovascular Diseases
3. Stress and endocrine disorders
4. Stress and Psychosocial Disturbance
Pathophysiological Basis of Prevention and Treatment
Case Presentation
Chapter 9 Coagulation-Anticoagulation Balance And Imbalance Overview of Haemostatic System
1. Vasospasm
2. Coagulation system
3. Anticoagulation System
4. Function of the fibrinolytic system
Imbalance in Haemostatic System
1. Bleeding Disorders
2. Thrombogenesis and thrombotic disorders
3. Blood vessel abnormity
4. Fibrinolytic factor abnormality
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
1. Etiology
2. Pathology
3. Pathogenesis
4. Factors influence the development of DIC
5. Clinical classification of DIC
6. Alterations of metabolism and function
7. Pathophysiological Basis of Prevention and Treatment
Case Presentation
Chapter 10 Shock
Etiology and Classification
1. Hypovolemic shock
2. Cardiogenic shock
3. Infectious shock
4. Anaphylactic shock
5. Neurogenic shock
Stages of Shock and Their Pathological Changes
1.Ischemic hypoxia stage
2.Stagnant hypoxia stage
3.Organic failure stage
Roles of Humoral Factors in Pathogenesis of Shock
1. Catecholamine and angiotensin
2. Cytokines
3. Adhesion molecules
4. Endothelium-derived vasoactive mediators
5. Activation of complement cascade
6. Lysosomal enzymes
7. Redox imbalance
Functional and Metabolic Changes
1.Neuroendocrine system
2.Cardiovascular system
3.Hematologic system
4.Immune system
5. Lung
6. Kidney
7. Gastrointestinal
8. Liver
9. Metabolic derangement
10. Cellular responses
Pathophysiological Basis of Prevention and Treatment for Shock
1. Volume replacement
2. Application of vasoactive drugs.
3. Treatment on acidosis
4. Treatment of DIC or organic dysfunction (see related chapter).
5. Others
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
1. Systemic inflammatory response (SIRS)
2. Compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS)
3. Mixed antagonist response syndrome
Case Presentation
Chapter 11 Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Etiology of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
1. Duration of ischemia
2. Dependency on oxygen supply
3. The condition of reperfusion
Mechanisms of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
1. Injury of free radicals
2. Calcium overload
3. The endothelial injury and neutrophil activation
Alterations of Function and Metabolism during Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
1. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
2. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
3. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury
4. Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury
Pathophysiological Basis of Prevention and Treatment
1. Controlling reperfusion conditions
2. Antioxidants and free radical scavengers
3. Inhibitors of neutrophils activation
4. Calcium antagonists or calcium channel blocker
Case Presentation
Chapter 12 Heart Failure
Etiology and Classifications
1. Underlying causes
2. Precipitating factors
3. Classifications
Pathogenesis
1. Decreased myocardial contractility
2. Diastolic dysfunction
3. Asynergic myocardial contraction and relaxation
4. Endothelial dysfunction
Compensatory Responses
1. Cardiac compensation
2. Systemic compensation
3. Neurohormonal compensation
Alterations of Metabolism and Function
1. Congestion of pulmonary circulation
2. Congestion of systemic circulation
3. Low cardiac output
Principles of Treatment
1. General treatment
2. Improving cardiac functions
3. Reducing afterload and preload
4. Regression of ventricular hypertrophy
5. Controlling edema
Case Presentation
Chapter 13 Respiratory Failure
Etiology and Pathogenesis
1.Ventilatory disorder
2.Diffusion disorder
3.Ventilation and perfusion imbalance
4.Anatomic shunt
Alterations of Function and Metabolism
1.Acid - base imbalance and electrolyte imbalance
2.Respiratory system
3.Cardiovascular system
4.Central nervous system
Pathophysiological basis of Treatment
1. Treating the causes of respiratory failure
2 2. Increasing PaO2
3 3. Decreasing PaCO2
4 4. Treating the consequences of hypoxemia and hypercapnia, for example, the acidosis, heart failure etc.
5 Case Presentation
Chapter 14 Hepatic Failure
Etiology
1. Biological
2. Physical and chemical
3. Inherited conditions
4. Immune
5. Nutritional causes
Hepatic Insufficiency
1. Injury of Hepatocytes and Hepatic Dysfunction
2. Metabolic Disorders of Water and Electrolytes
3. Disorders in Production of Bile Salts and Elimination of Bilirubin Disorders
4. Hepatic Enteric Endotoxemia
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Etiology and Classification
Pathogenesis
1. Ammonia intoxication
2. False neurotransmitters and amino acid imbalance
3. The gamma-aminobutyric acid hypothesis
Precipitating Factors
Principles of Treatment
1. Eliminating or correcting precipitating factors.
2. Reducing plasma ammonia and other toxin.
3. Correcting plasma amino acid imbalance and supplying normal neurotrasmitters.
4. Improving hepatocyte functions.
5. Liver transplantation.
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Pathogenesis
1. Stimulated sympathetic nervous system
2. Activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
3. Increased vasopressin release
4. Other humoral factors
Principles of Treatment and Prevention
Case Presentation
Chapter 15 Renal Failure
Basic Pathological Taches for Renal Failure
1. Dysfunction of glomerular filtration
2. Renal tubular dysfunction
3. Renal endocrine dysfunction
Acute Renal Failure
Etiology and Classification
1. Prerenal ARF
2. Intrarenal ARF
3. Postrenal ARF
Pathogenesis
1. Renal hemodynamic alterations
2. Renal glomerular injury
3. Renal tubular injury
4. Renal cell injury and its mechanisms
Alterations of Metabolism and Function
1. The oliguric stage
2. The diuretic stage
3. The recovery stage
Pathophysiological Basis of Prevention and Treatment
Chronic Renal Failure
1.Etiology
2.Clinical courses
Pathogenesis
1. Mechanism of compensation
2. Mechanism of decompensation
Alterations of Metabolism and Function
1. Alteration of urinea￥
2. Azotemia
3. Water, electrolytes and acid-base imbalance
4. Renal hypertension
5. Renal osteodystrophya￥
6. Tendency to hemorrhage
7. Renal Anemia
Uremia
1. Pathogenesis
2. Functional and Metabolic Alterations
Pathophysiological Basis of Prevention and Treatment
Case Presentation
Chapter 16 Brain Dysfunction
Introduction
1. Characteristics of brain structure, metabolism and function
2. Characteristics of brain diseases
Cognitive Disorders
1. Structural basis of cognition
2. Major manifestations of cognitive disorders
3. Etiology and pathogenesis
Principles for treatment of cognitive disorders
1. General neuroprotective treatments
2. Maintenance of normal neurotransmitter level
3. Surgery
Consciousness Disorder
1. The structural basis of the brain in consciousness and consciousness disorders
2. Major manifestations in consciousness disorders
3. The etiology and pathogenesis of consciousness disorder
4. Systemic disturbance caused by consciousness disorder
Principles of prevention and therapy
1. Urgent management
2. Making a definite diagnosis as soon as possible
3. Monitoring vital signs and consciousness state
4. Brain protections
Case Presentation
病理生理学-图书简介:
Why do we write this book? To adapt ourselves to an increasing international communication, we are required to teach Pathophysiology in English. During the long discussion in choosing a textbook, we first considered to use an original English one. However, we noticed that the emphasis in pathophysiology teaching is quite different between Chinese and Westerners. In general, the pathophysiology in Western countries focuses more on different diseases and emphasizes clinical signs and symptoms, which is to our understanding similar to clinical Internal Medicine. The readers are usually disappointed with the superficial analysis of the mechanisms laid on the signs and symptoms. On the contrary, we do not pinpoint any particular disease or clinical symptoms, but emphasize the general pathological processes and the underlying mechanisms of the representative disorders or processes. The major advantage of our teaching system in pathophysiology is the depth in explaining the pathogenesis of the disease, which compensates excellently to Internal Medicine. Additionally, we also thought about "Contemporary Pathophysiology", the only English text book of pathophysiology edited according to our system, by prof. Kong XS. However, the book was published in 1993 and several new chapters are not included. Therefore, we decided to write this book, and this motion was supported by the pathophysiologists all over the country. The book is composed of 16 chapters, organized by four parts. The first part is brief introductions of what pathophysiology is and what disease is. The second part is about fundamental concepts and pathological processes, including fluid and electrolyte imbalances, acid and base disturbances, stress, fever, edema, ischemia and reperfusion, shock, multi-organic dysfunction, and hypoxia. Knowledge of these basic pathological processes is essential to understanding the mechanisms of the most common diseases. The third part of the book is called organic pathophysiology, which is a presentation of the pathophysiology of important organs, i.e., heart, lung, liver, kidney and brain; the emphasis in this part is still on the basic processes and mechanisms of the organic insufficiency or failure. The fourth part of the book is referred as cellular and molecular pathophysiology, including signal transduction and diseases, and cell apoptosis in diseases. Each chapter is divided into sections emphasizing the general concepts, etiology and pathogenesis, the alterations of metabolism and function, as well as the principles for the prevention and therapies. The intended readers of the book will be medical students, including undergraduates and post-graduates, in their basic pathophysiology courses. We hope these students will find that the book makes a useful contribution to their understanding of how pathological agents cause various disease states. We also expect that physicians-in-training and physicians will find the book helpful in comprehending how and why various disease states appear. The clinical doctors will find the book useful as a refresher and update their understanding the mechanisms of diseases. Nurses and other practitioners will find that the concise format and broad/new scope of the book facilitate their understanding of basic disease entities. We are most grateful to all the contributors for their hard and efficient work to make this book available in a limited time period. We greatly appreciate Prof. Roy C. Ziegelstein at the John Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA, Dr. Tomo Saric at the Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, Germany, prof. Chengxin Gong at NYS Institute for Basic Research, USA, and Prof. Wang Dixun at the Tongji Medical College for their critical review of the book. We would also like to thank all of our young colleagues in Pathophysiology Department, Tongji Medical College for the rudimentary form of the book and their full support. We thank Dr. Wang Xiaochuan and Zhang Guoping for the tedious secretory work. Because of the limitation of our English writing skill, inaccuracies must have occurred. Readers are encouraged to contact us for pointing out such errors or offering comments or suggestions. Such feedback will be helpful for us to make a better version of this book in future.
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